Basic structure and working principle of horizontal centrifugal pumps

Basic structure of horizontal centrifugal pumps：

The basic components of a horizontal centrifugal pump are a high-speed rotating impeller and a fixed snail shaped pump casing. An impeller with multiple (usually 4 to 12) backward curved blades is fixed to the pump shaft and driven by an electric motor, rotating at high speed together with the pump shaft. The impeller is a component that directly performs work on the liquid in the pump and is the energy supply device of a horizontal centrifugal pump. The oil suction port in the center of the pump casing is connected to the oil suction pipe, and the bottom of the oil suction pipe is equipped with a one-way bottom valve. The discharge port on the side of the pump casing is connected to the sewage pipeline equipped with a regulating valve.

Working principle of horizontal centrifugal pump：

After the horizontal centrifugal pump is started, the pump shaft drives the impeller to rotate at high speed, forcing the liquid pre filled between the blades to rotate. Under the action of inertial centrifugal force, the liquid moves radially from the center of the impeller to the periphery. During the movement of the liquid through the impeller, energy is obtained, resulting in an increase in static pressure energy and an increase in flow rate. When the liquid leaves the impeller and enters the pump casing, due to the gradual expansion of the flow channel inside the casing, the liquid will slow down, some kinetic energy will be converted into static pressure energy, and finally tangential flow into the discharge pipe. The casing of a volute pump is not only a component for collecting liquid flowing out of the impeller, but also a power transmission device. When liquid is thrown outward from the center of the impeller, a low-pressure area is formed at the center of the impeller, and the liquid is sucked into the center of the impeller due to the total potential energy difference between the liquids. By relying on the continuous operation of the impeller, the liquid is continuously sucked in and discharged. The increase in the conversion of mechanical energy obtained from the liquid in a horizontal centrifugal pump into static pressure energy.